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SPLIT IN 1893

by Vjeko Omašić

Social circumstances in Split and Dalmatia during the construction of the Municipal Theatre.

After the victory of the National Party at the election of 1882 Split was being more effectively connected to its hinterland. It also gave rise to a new development, so that Split became more and more frequently referred to as ßa town of the futureÇ. Bue to poor condition of roads, the development mainly relied on sea routes and an orientation towards maritime economy, as well as on building a road towards Bosnia as a prospective market with great potential. The economic conditions were unfavourable and slow to improve, so that at the time Split was still a town with a predominantly agricultural economy. Despite all this, investments were being made in the eighties and the nineties, due to which the telephone was introduced as early as 1895, much before many other towns in Croatia. The situation was much better in the town’s cultural life: there were various associations, public libraries and reading clubs; many distinguished artists and painters were working in Split and there were numerous diplomatic representatives. More attention was being paid to education, and its role in the life of the town was gaining in importance.

Due to the vicinty of the ancient Roman town of Salona, on whose foundations the Christian mediaeval Croatian town of Solin had grown, the first international congress of early Christian archaeologists was held in Split in 1894.

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By the time the construction of the theatre started, the pro-Italian Autonomist movement had been relegated to a marginal status and was constantly losing in significance, while the number of people regarding Italian as their mother tongue was permanently decreasing. At the same time the antagonism of the remaining autonomists towards the Croatian authorities was growing and gaining in force.

The construction of the Municipal Theatre also had to meet with harsh criticism. The leader of the Dalmatian autonomists Antonio Bajamonti put forward a proposal that, instead of building a new theatre, his theatre should be renewed, and that the repertoire performed should be in both languages, i.e. Italian and Croatian. The refusal gave rise to numerous imputations od the part of the autonomists, their main argument being the high cost of the project. All doubts were however dispelled by the opening itself, proving again the significance of the town of Split, especially in view of the fact that a similar theatre was not to be built in Zagreb until two years later.

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